What’s Normal and What’s Not? 

Part 1: Understanding Your Menstrual Cycle

Sarahfin Richard

Guest contributor: Dr Divya, MS, DNB (OBG)

When we think of a menstrual cycle, the first thing that comes to our mind is our period.  Basically, the bleeding part!  But what if there was more to the story? Read on to learn about the A-Z of our menstrual cycle and what’s normal and what’s not along with Doctor Divya, an experienced gynaecologist. 

The truth is, our menstrual cycle is far more than just the days we bleed or the time we might conceive. It’s a complex system with different phases, each bringing its own set of changes—physically, emotionally, and mentally.

Our menstrual cycle isn’t just about marking the days on a calendar; it’s about understanding what happens during each phase and how these changes affect us. More importantly, it’s about recognizing when something might be amiss. In a world where women’s health is often sidelined, being informed about our bodies is not just empowering—it’s essential.

So how body literate are you?  Read on to learn about the A-Z of our menstrual cycle and what’s normal and what’s not along with Doctor Divya, an experienced gynaecologist. 

The Power of Cycle Tracking

Tracking your cycle is about so much more than predicting your period; it’s about understanding your body. Think of your body as a book – the book doesn’t make sense if you can’t read the language… but once you learn?  Then, all the stories are there waiting for you.

By monitoring the changes during each phase, you gain insight into what’s normal and healthy for you and identify when something isn’t right. For example, irregular periods, heavy bleeding (menorrhagia), or severe PMS/PMDD symptoms shouldn’t be ignored—they’re signals from your body that something might be wrong.

Cycle tracking also empowers you to have informed conversations with healthcare providers. Unfortunately, many women suffer due to a lack of knowledge or because they are dismissed by a healthcare system and culture that doesn’t prioritise women’s needs.  By being aware of your cycle, you can advocate for yourself, ensuring you receive the care and attention you deserve.  To help get you started, you can download our free cycle tracking chart here.  

The Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is typically divided into four phases.  Each phase plays a crucial role in the reproductive system and significantly influences our well-being.

1. Menstrual Phase: This is the phase most of us are familiar with—our period. During this time, the uterine lining is shed, leading to bleeding that typically lasts 3 to 7 days. While cramping, fatigue, and mood swings are common, extreme pain and other severe symptoms can indicate underlying issues such as endometriosis or fibroids.
2. Follicular Phase: Starting from the first day of your period and lasting until ovulation, the follicular phase is when the body prepares to release an egg. Estrogen levels rise, which often leads to an increase in energy and mood.
3. Ovulation Phase: Around the midpoint of the cycle, ovulation occurs—this is when the egg is released from the ovary. Many women notice a change in cervical mucus as it becomes more stretchy and slippery (like egg white!), and some may feel a slight twinge of cramp-like pain. Understanding this phase is crucial, especially for those tracking fertility.
4. Luteal Phase: After ovulation, the body enters the luteal phase, where progesterone levels rise. This phase is often the most challenging, as it’s associated with premenstrual symptoms (PMS) or, in some cases, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Symptoms like irritability, bloating, and fatigue are common, but for those with PMDD, the effects can be debilitating, affecting daily life and mental health.

What is normal or not?

Dr. Divya, a gynaecologist who specialises in clients with PCOS, emphasizes the importance of understanding what is normal and what isn’t when it comes to your menstrual cycle. She explains that while it’s common for women to worry about their periods, particularly if they are delayed or irregular, some fluctuations are normal. 

What’s Normal:

• Cycle Length: A typical menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days. It’s normal for your cycle length to vary slightly from month to month. (This can change due to factors such as stress or other lifestyle changes!)
• Bleeding: The average period lasts between 2 to 7 days. The flow can range from light to heavy, but it should be manageable with regular menstrual products.
• Colour: Your period blood colour can offer a snapshot of overall health – bright to dark red is healthy.  Other colours like light pink or very dark colours like purple or black could indicate deficiencies or other issues.  Using products like that show the colour and consistency of your blood can help better learn what’s normal for you (cream coloured Eco Femme cloth pads are a great tool for this.)   
• Symptoms: Mild symptoms like cramping, mood changes, and breast tenderness are common due to hormonal fluctuations.

What’s Not:

• Irregular Cycles: If your cycle is consistently shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days, it might be worth investigating.
• Heavy Bleeding: Needing to change your pad or tampon every hour, passing large clots, or bleeding that lasts more than 7 days could indicate a problem like menorrhagia.
• Severe Pain: Painful periods are common, but if your pain is severe enough to disrupt your daily activities, it might be a sign to get it checked.
• Other Symptoms: If you experience unusual symptoms like significant weight gain, excessive hair growth, or extreme mood swings, these could be signs of hormonal imbalances.

Eco Femme cloth pads (GOTS organic certified) 

Tips for seeking medical advice 

When it comes to speaking with healthcare professionals, Dr Divya encourages individuals to come prepared – the better you know your body, the better the “story” you can tell, the better the treatment and support you can receive! 

Dr. Divya’s Top Tips for Seeking Medical Advice:

1. Seek advice for any significant changes in your bleeding: If you experience significant changes in your menstrual cycle, such as excessively heavy bleeding, severe pain, or erratic cycles, it’s time to consult a gynaecologist.
2. Address Daily Life Disruptions: If symptoms are affecting your daily life, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice. Discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider, especially if the changes seem atypical for you.
3. Prioritize Follow-up: Follow-up appointments are crucial, especially if you’re prescribed hormonal pills or managing conditions like PCOS. Regular check-ins help ensure that the treatment is effective and any side effects are addressed.
4. Routine Checkups are Essential: For women over 40, yearly checkups, including Pap smears and mammograms, are key to maintaining reproductive health. Women 25 and older should have these checkups every 2-3 years, even if they feel healthy. Regular screenings help catch potential issues early, ensuring better long-term health outcomes.

Understanding your cycle: The key to better body literacy 

Understanding your menstrual cycle is about gaining a deeper understanding of your body, recognizing what’s normal, and knowing when to seek help. By being aware of the different phases and the changes they bring, you can better support your health and advocate for the care you need.  

Curious to learn more?  In “Part 2: Understanding Your Menstrual Cycle”, we will share stories from other menstruators and take a look into PCOS and PMDD.  We explore what to look for in a gynaecologist and how you can prepare for your appointment.

Together, let’s learn more about the story of our bodies and understand how to love ourselves and heal!